why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. LS23 6AD In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. - rebelling of scottish lords. PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Doodle's Point of View Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. 214 High Street, The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Boston Spa, The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. he could also overthrow her. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. Spain and France were the major European powers. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. PDF Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 - Oasis Academy South Bank Continue with Recommended Cookies. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Register for free, Home / Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. West Yorkshire, Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. The invasion failed, however. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. King Philip of Spain sent an. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. - death of henry II. First English colony in Virginia established. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Dedicated to. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. . Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Student / However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. . Europe. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? LS23 6AD Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was.